INTRODUCTION
Indonesian territory includes areas that have a level of high earthquake risk among several regions of the world diseIuruh earthquake. Final data are successfully recorded shows that the average of ten activities tehun earthquake that caused considerable damage in Indonesia. Most occur in offshore areas and partly in a residential area (to see the event of an earthquake on this day click here or click here this week) In the residential area quite dense, there is need for a protection to reduce population mortality and severe damage due to shock earthquake. By using the principle of the right techniques, construction details and practical good the loss of property and the soul Man can be reduced. In this webblog, outlined the basic factors of the earthquake shock which then in describing the main principles to be used in building earthquake resistant houses.
SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF EARTHQUAKE
shocks At the location of buildings, earthquakes will cause the soil under the building and the surrounding shaken and moved by irregular (random). Ground acceleration occurs in three dimensions to form combinations of vibration frequency of 0.5 Hertz sampal 50 Hertz. If the building rigid (fixed) to the ground (and not be displaced) inertial forces that resist the acceleration of the ground will work on each element of the building structure during an earthquake occurs. The magnitude of inertia forces depends on the weight of the building, the more light means less inertia forces at work in these structural elements. Responsibility as a person who engaged daIam construction industry is building so that the buildings still stand restrain the forces of inertia are. The question that arises then, “How much power do we need the building?”. Imposition LEVEL EARTHQUAKE In 1981, a study to determine the “burden of earthquake plan” has been done. This study is a cooperation project between the Government of Indonesia and New Zealand are producing. Indonesia Earthquake load regulation. On the concept of the rule is 2 (two) step approach to calculate the earthquake loading can be used. The first criterion, that the imposition of planning such a way that earthquake damage is not structural or architectural damage every time an earthquake happens. The second criterion despite the great earthquake of the building should not collapse, but only on the damages that are not part of the main structure or architectural damage only. It is known that it is not economical earthquake resistant buildings planned elastic way. So for large earthquakes where the possibility of approximately 15% of the age of the building, which used low-price plans and special planning and the size of the details taken so that guarantee certain parts of the structure will Ieleh (change shape in plastic) for absorbs some energy earthquake (which applies to a state firm). The amount of load pricing plans that occur associated with several factors that are more in reference, which concludes as follows: 1. Factors Field (site) Figure below, shows six-point earthquake in Indonesia, which determine the basic parameters of the imposition This parameter is modified for the calculation of the Iunak soil conditions where the soil caused by the earthquake shocks will be enlarged (through enlargement). (For Jakarta, the zone 4 and above ground plan software lateral load coefficient is 0.05 for a rigid structure like a low-rise housing. 2. Factor Building The burden is happening in a building also depends on the circumstances (features) from the building rersebut, namely flexibility, weight and building materials for construction. Usually a building that will receive fIeksibel earthquake Iebih burden small compared to the more rigid structure. Building a lighter load will menerimna earthquake in Iebih keciI of heavy build and construction firm will absorb the burden of smaller earthquakes from the building which is ductile under the influence will remain elastic earthquake or a sudden collapse. Wooden buildings are classified as a building firm. For wood structures should be planned by using the charge regulation of the new Indonesia. Load plan is 33% – 50% of the force that causes the structure Ieleh not yet started or still in a state of elastic. This reduction is not as large as for other building materials, such as steel which has a greater resilience than wood. Even so plasticity can be created in the wood structure by using a resilient connector on each element of the relationship the wood structure. In general, the connection with the nail provides sufficient resilience. 3. The imposition of the level of earthquake for Timber Buildings By considering the field factor and factor structure, wood structure must remain able to stand up to resist loads as follows: (Jakarta, soft ground) 1. Rubbery wood frame: 0.05 *) x 1.7 = 0.085 2. Wood shear walls: 0.05 *) x 2.5 = 0.125 3. Wood frame construction, reinforced with diagonal bars claimant: 0.05 *) x 3 = 0.15 Note: *) This factor has a maximum price of 0.13 in zone I and zone 0 to 6. This means, for example, a shear wall made of plywood or particle board, should be able to receive a horizontal force of 0.125 x total weight of the burden of structural walls. Although a building with pricing correct imposition, perhaps the building. these were damaged by an earthquake if some of the main principles are not met.
PRlNSlP-PRlNSIP OF MAJOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION
1. Plan a simple and symmetrical Investigation of damage caused by the earthquake showed the importance of building a simple layout and structural elements retaining the symmetrical horizontal style. Such structures can withstand earthquake forces either due to lack Iebih torque effects and a more equitable kekekuatannya. 2. Building materials should be as light as possible Often, because of certain building materials ketersedianya. Architect and Academician SipiI must use a heavy building materials, but if possible should be used lightweight building materials. This is because the size of the earthquake inertial load is proportional to the weight of building materials. For example, roof cover over the wooden horses produce horizontal earthquake load for 3 x load earthquake generated by closing the tin roof above the wooden horses. Similarly, the pair menghasiIkan brick wall load of 15 x earthquake earthquake loads generated by the timber wall. 3. Need for the construction of systems adequate load restraint So that a building can withstand an earthquake, earthquake inertia force must be transmitted from each structural element to the main structural style of the later honisontal move these forces into the foundation and the ground. It is very important that the main structure of the horizontal drag force that is resilient. Because, if the elastic force exceeded, brittle collapse of a sudden will not happen, but in some specific places Ieleh first place. An example of such deformation is the nails on the wooden pole was before the collapse due to bending moment on the trunk. The way in which these forces are usually called channels streamed Iintasan style. Each building must have a trajectory path sufficient force to resist earthquake forces horisosontal. To provide a clear picture, here given an example of a simple house with three main issues to be discussed is the roof structure, wall structure and pondas
